sei (pure, purify, cleanse, exorcise)
ketsu (undefiled, pure, clean, righteous)
kan (emotion, feeling, sensation)

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❖ (sense of) cleanliness

shô (pure, purify, cleanse, exorcise)
jô (clean, purify, cleanse, exorcise)

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❖ Also pronounced seijô
sei (pure, purify, cleanse, exorcise)
jô (clean, purify, cleanse, exorcise)

One must be clean, spiritually and physically, in the presence of kami. kami will not come where there is kegare or tsumi. At least, not the beneficial sort of kami we want to attract.

fu (negative, bad, ugly)
jô (purify, cleanse, exorcise, unspoiled)

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❖ Uncleanliness, dirtiness, impurity, filthiness, defilement, menses

Pollution – Pollution obscures our ability to sense kami – to experience the Sublime

Pollution As Contagious – Pollution occurs when people come into contact with pollution

Pollution As Error – Pollution occurs when people make a mistake

Pollution Can Be Purified – Pollution can be removed by performing various purification rites
(See harai)

kega.re (dirty)

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❖ Spiritual pollution, ritual impurity or injury resulting from naturally occuring phenomena

ketsu (blood)
e (dirty, filthy, foul, unclean)

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❖ (blood impurity)
❖ Also called akafujô

aka (red)
fu (negative, bad)
jô (pure, clean, unspoiled)

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❖ (red impurity)

shi (death, die)
e (dirty, filthy, foul, unclean)

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❖ (death impurity)
❖ Also called kurofujô or kokufujô

kuro | koku (black)
fu (negative, bad)
jô (pure, clean, unspoiled)

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❖ (black impurity)

hi (fire)
ma.ke (defeat, negative)

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❖ (defeated by fire)
❖ Illness resulting from contact with the dead
❖ Also called imi-make

i.mi (taboo, mourning, abhor, detestable)
ma.ke (defeat, negative)

kami (sacred)
sô (bury, internment)

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❖ shintô funeral
❖ Also called shinsô

shin (kami)
sô (bury, internment)

Those attending the shinsô – Are impure for 3 days after the funeral

ki (mourning)
buku | fuku (clothing)

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❖ (mourning)
❖ From mourning clothes
❖ Also called buku, buk'ki

buku | fuku (clothing)

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buk | fuku (clothing)
ki (mourning)

ki (mourning)
chû (in, inside, middle)

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❖ Posted warning that place is under taboo

Those immediately related to the dead – Mother, father, child – Are impure for 49 days after death

san (childbirth, give birth, bear)
e (dirty, filthy, foul, unclean)

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❖ (child birth impurity)
❖ Also called shirofujô

shiro (white)
fu (negative, bad)
jô (pure, clean, unspoiled)

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❖ (white impurity)

Birth – Mother is impure for 32 days after the birth day

Blood – Involves ketsu-e

mono (thing, object, matter)
i.mi (taboo, mourning, abhor, detestable)

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❖ (fasting; abstinence; confinement to one's house on an unlucky day)
❖ Also, rituals conducted to protect young boys and girls from sources of pollution

shoku (contact, touch, feel)
e (dirty, filthy, foul, unclean)

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❖ Touching kegare
❖ Contact with those who touched kegare

san (three)
ten (turn, move)

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❖ Impurity is contagious up to three times removed

wazawa.i (disaster, calamity, woe, curse, evil)

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❖ Disaster to be removed by harai

tsumi (guilt, sin, crime, fault, blame, offense)

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❖ Imperfect, impurity, pollution, or uncleanness resulting from human actions

Murder – Involves ketsu-e and shi-e

Beastiality – Having sex with animals
(horses, cows, chickens and dogs are specifically mentioned)

Men – Having sex with:

Women – Having sex with:

Animal meat – Involves ketsu-e and shi-e

shin (kami)
batsu (penalty, punishment)

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❖ Divine retribution inflicted on someone who speaks or acts in a disrespectful, unbelieving, or impure way towards kami
❖ Also called batsu, bachi

batsu (penalty, punishment)

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bachi ((divine) punishment; curse; retribution)

tata.ri (curse, haunt)

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❖ Misfortune thru which a kami warns or punishes

aku (bad, vice, rascal, false, evil, wrong, wickedness)

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❖ Evil, unhappiness, disaster, misfortune, or inferiority of nature or value

maga (calamity, misfortune, evil, curse)
koto (matter, thing)

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maga (calamity, misfortune, evil, curse)
koto (say)

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❖ Abnormality
❖ (See ma.gari)

kiyo.me (pure, clean, purify, cleanse, exorcise)

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❖ (purity)

koto (word)
dama | tama (spirits, soul, spirit)

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❖ Spirit or spiritual power residing in words

nori (celebrate, congratulate)
to | shi (words, poetry)

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❖ Beautiful words or prayers addressed to the kami

hara.i (purification, exorcism)

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❖ Purification rites
❖ Also called o-harai, harae

o (honorable)
hara.i (purification, exorcism)

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hara.e (purification, exorcism)

oo (great, large, big)
hara.e (purification, exorcism)

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❖ Or ooharae
❖ Great purification performed on June 30th (See nagoshi-no-ooharae) and December 31th (See toshikoshi ooharae)

oo (great, large, big)
hara.e (purification, exorcism)
no (possessive particle)
kotoba | shi (part of speech, words, poetry)

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❖ Words of the great purification
❖ Norito read at a grand purification event

hi (fire, flame , blaze)

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❖ harai with fire

chin (tranquilize)
ki | hi (fire)
shiki (ceremony, rite)

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❖ A fire-calming ritual used for harai
❖ Fire-walking

Impure fire – Because of contact with kegare or tsumi

yu (hot water, hot spring)
da.te (stand up)

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❖ Ceremony of harai using boiling water sprinkled on the shinshoku and worshippers with bamboo leaves
❖ A form of divination

Pure fire – Fire that has not come into contact with kegare or tsumi

hi (fire, flame, blaze)
kae.ri (return coming back)

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❖ Renewing the fire
❖ Relighting a fire to purify it
❖ Frequently using a fire-drill

mi (honorable)
ki (sake, alcohol)

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mi (kami)
ki (sake, alcohol)

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❖ Sake or sacred wine offered to kami
❖ Also called o-miki, sake

o (honorable) – written with kanji or hiragana
mi (kami)
ki (sake, alcohol)

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sake (sacred rice wine offered to kami)

mizu (water)

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❖ Also called o-mizu

o (honorable) – written with kanji or hiragana
mizu (water)

mi (somebody, person)
sogi | jô (rinse, wash)

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❖ (shintô purification ceremony)
❖ Self-purification thru water

kiyo.me (pure, clean, purify, cleanse, exorcise)
no (possessive particle)
ike (pond, pool)

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❖ A pond or pool used for performing misogi

te- (hand)
mizu (water)
ya (roof, house)

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❖ A font to allow shrine visitors to rinse hands and mouth in symbolic purification – misogi
❖ Also called chôzuya

chô (hand)
zu (water)
ya | sha (hut)

mi- (honorable)
te- (hand)
ra.shi (wash)

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❖ Font of purifying water placed at the entrance of a shrine

mi- (honorable)
te- (hand)
ra.shi (wash)
kawa (stream, river)

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❖ River in which worshippers wash their hands and rinse their mouth prior to entering a shrine

Purification of place – First, sweep and clean the four corners of the place, and offer o-miki, o-kome, o-shio and o-suna at the kamidana and pray.
Then start purification by spreading them in the order of:
hoku-tô (Northeast)
Also called kita-higashi, ushi-tora
nan-tô (Southeast)
Also called minami-higashi, tatsumi
nan-sei (Southwest)
Also called minami-nishi, hitsuji-saru
hoku-sei (Northwest)
Also called kita-nishi, inu-i
and the entryway (for the Sacred Center)

suna (sand)

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❖ Sacred sand
❖ Usually sand from a ocean or sea beach
❖ Also called o-suna

o (honorable) – written with kanji or hiragana
suna (sand)

mori (bloom, prosper)
suna (sand)

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❖ Sand is sometimes placed outside homes and businesses in little piles

shio (salt)

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❖ Also called o-shio

o (honorable – written with kanji or hiragana)
shio (salt)

ma.ki (scatter)
shio (salt)

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❖ Scattering salt around the boundaries of a place to stop impurities from entering the area

mori (bloom, prosper)
shio (salt)

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❖ Salt is sometimes placed outside homes and businesses in little piles

i.mi (taboo, mourning, abhor, detestable)

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i.mi (taboo, purification, avoid)

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❖ Abstinence, or the avoidance of that which is magakoto (abnormal), tsumi (imperfect) and kegare (polluted), and the removal of those states

sai (purification, avoid)
kai (admonition; commandment) – Buddhist term

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❖ Observance of abstinence for a certain period of time before and after a religious ceremony by a participant
❖ The person remains secluded in a building called an imiya, uses only bekka, bathes frequently, abstains from partaking of certain foods, avoids contact with death and sickness, and concentrates on religious concerns

ara (rough, rude)
i.mi (taboo, mourning, abhor, detestable)

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❖ Rough abstinence

bek | betsu (separate, branch off, diverge, fork, another, extra, specially)
ka (fire)

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❖ (sacred fire)

i.mi (taboo, mourning, abhor, detestable)
ya (roof, house, shop)

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❖ (building for abstinence)

ma (true, reality)
i.mi (taboo, mourning, abhor, detestable)

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❖ True abstinence

hi (fire, flame , blaze)
a.ki (open, unfold, unseal)

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❖ Expiration of the fire — end of a period of imi
❖ Also called imiaki

i.mi (taboo, mourning, abhor, detestable)
a.ki (open, unfold, unseal)

i.mi (taboo, mourning, abhor, detestable)
koto (say)
ba | ha (fragment, piece)
kotoba | shi (part of speech, words, poetry)

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❖ Avoiding tabu words
❖ (See kotodama)

kin (prohibition, ban, forbid)
ki (mourning, abhor, detestable)

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❖ (taboo – day, time, direction, words, etc. that must be avoided)
❖ To forbid any contact or proximity with things that should be abstained from

i | iki (breath, respiration)
buki | fuki (blow, breathe, puff)

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i | iki (spirit, mind, air, mood)
buki | fuki (blow, breathe, puff)

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❖ Breathing exercises as an ascetic practice
❖ Frequently performed before misogi

shin (kami)
jin (person)
ki (homecoming, arrive at, lead to, result in)
itsu (one)

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❖ (kami and man become as one)
❖ Return of the purifed human nature to kami status from which it has fallen because of kegare and tsumi

shu (discipline, conduct oneself well, study, master)
batsu | futsu (exorcise)

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❖ Ritual of self-purification by shinshoku before conducting harai
❖ Composed of 3 purification elements: recitiation of the incantation, waving the ô-nusa and sprinkling the salt-water to remove impurities

yaku (unlucky, misfortune, bad luck, disaster)
-bara.i (clear out, banish)

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❖ Exorcism, ceremonial cleansing from evil influence
❖ Also harai done with a shishi-mai