ju (Confucian)
kyô (teach, faith, doctrine)

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❖ Also called jukyôshugi, juka, jugaku, judô, keigaku

ju (Confucian)
kyô (teach, faith, doctrine)
jukyô (Confucianism)
shu (main thing, principal, lord, chief, master)
gi (righteousness, justice, morality, honor, loyalty, meaning)
shugi (doctrine, rule, principle)

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ju (Confucian)
ka (house, home)

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ju (Confucian)
gaku (study, learning, science)

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ju (Confucian)
dô (way, street, district, journey, course, moral, teachings)

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kei (vertical (relationship), hierarchy, sutra, pass thru)
gaku (study, learning, science)

dô (way, street, district, journey, course, moral, teachings)
gaku (study, learning, science)

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❖ Ethics, moral philosophy
❖ The study of Confucianism (esp. neo-Confucianism)

kô (very, great, exceedingly / ateji)
fû (husband, man / ateji)
shi (child, first sign of Chinese zodiac / ateji)
fûshi (term of address for a teacher)

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❖ Confucius (Chin: Kong Fuzi / K'ung Fu-tzu)
❖ 551-479 BCE
❖ Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher
❖ The philosophy of Confucius emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity
❖ He emphasizes strong family loyalty, ancestor worship, respect of elders by their children and of husbands by their wives, and of family as the basis for government
❖ Also called jiho, kôshi, fûshi, sensei

ji | ni (nun)
ho (for the first time, not until)
jiho (possible inversion of his courtesy name - Zhongni)

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kô (very, great, exceedingly / ateji)
shi (child, first sign of Chinese zodiac / ateji)
kôshi (Kongzi / master Kong)

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fû (husband, man / ateji)
shi (child, first sign of Chinese zodiac / ateji)
fûshi (term of address for a teacher)

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sen (before, ahead, previous, precedence)
sei (holy, saint, sage, master, priest)
sensei (ancient sage)

kô (very, great, exceedingly / ateji)
mô (chief, beginning / ateji)

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❖ kôshi and môshi (Confucius and Mencius)

kô (very, great, exceedingly / ateji)
mô (chief, beginning / ateji)
kômô (kôshi and môshi)
no (possesive particle)
oshie (teachings, instruction, teaching, precept, lesson, doctrine)

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❖ The teachings of Confucius and Mencius

mô (chief, beginning / ateji)
shi (child, first sign of Chinese zodiac / ateji)

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❖ Mencius (Chin: Mengzi / Meng-tzu)
❖ 371-289 BCE
❖ One of the most famous orthodox Confucians after kôfûshi himself

Ethical and Political Philosophies – Norms that emphasized filial piety, respect for elders, social obligations, and rules of courtesy that promised humanistic, rational, and benevolent governance, harmonious family relationships, and clear-cut standards for governing the interaction among rulers, lords, vassals, and common folk, between old and young, father and son, husband and wife.

go (five)
jô (usual, ordinary, normal, regular)

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❖ The five cardinal Confucian virtues (benevolence, justice, politeness, wisdom, and fidelity)
❖ Also called jingireichishin

❖ The 5 Confucian virtues (benevolence, justice, courtesy, wisdom, and sincerity)
❖ For kanji see below

(benevolence (esp. as a virtue of Confucianism), consideration, compassion, humanity, charity)

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❖ Humaneness

(morality, righteousness, justice, honour, loyalty, meaning)

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❖ Righteousness or justice

(salute, bow, ceremony, thanks, social custom, manners, courtesy, rites)

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❖ Propriety or etiquette

(wisdom, intellect, reason)

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❖ Knowledge

(honesty, faith, truth, fidelity, trust)

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❖ Integrity

go (five)
rin (ethics, companion)

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❖ The five Confucian filial-piety relationships
❖ The Five Bonds

san (three)
kô (rope, cord, cable, hawser)

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❖ The three bonds in Confucianism
❖ Master & servant, father & son, husband & wife

shi (four)
ji (character, letter, word)

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❖ Four-character phrase
❖ Also called yoji, yojijukugo

yo (four)
ji (character, letter, word)

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yo (four)
ji (character, letter, word)
juku (mellow, ripen, mature, acquire skill)
go (word, speech, language)

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❖ Four-character idiomatic compounds

❖ A shiji for the four classical Chinese virtues

❖ Short for chûsei

chû (loyalty, devotion, fidelity, faithfulness)
sei (sincerity, admonish, warn, prohibit, truth, fidelity)
chûsei (loyalty, sincerity, allegiance, fidelity, integrity)

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❖ Loyalty

❖ Short for kôkô

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❖ Also pronounced kyô

kô (filial piety)
kô (going, journey)
kôkô (Filial piety)

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❖ Filial piety

❖ Short for sessô

ses | setsu (constancy, integrity, honor, chastity, fidelity)
sô (chastity, virginity, fidelity)
sessô (constancy, integrity, honor, chastity, fidelity)

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❖ Continency

❖ Short for giri

gi (morality, righteousness, justice, honor)
ri (logic, arrangement, reason, justice, truth)
giri (duty, sense of duty, honor, decency, courtesy, debt of gratitude, social obligation)

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❖ Righteousness

kô (great, very, exceedingly / ateji)
mon (gate)

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❖ Disciple of Confucius
❖ Confucian school

Neo-Confucianism – Emphasized attention to man and secular society, to social responsibility in secular contexts.

sei (nature, sex, gender)
ri (logic, arrangement, reason, justice, truth)
gaku (study, learning, science)

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❖ neo-Confucianism (esp. from the Song period)

shu (vermilion, cinnabar, scarlet, red, bloody / ateji)
shi (child, first sign of Chinese zodiac / ateji)
gaku (study, learning, science)

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❖ neo-Confucianism
❖ Based on the teachings of Zhu Xi and his followers

sô (dwell, Sung dynasty)
gaku (study, learning, science)

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❖ Song-period neo-Confucianism
❖ Based esp. on the teachings of Zhu Xi

tei (extent, degree, law, formula, distance, limits, amount / ateji)
shu (vermilion, cinnabar, scarlet, red, bloody / ateji)
gaku (study, learning, science)

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❖ neo-Confucianism
❖ Based on the teaching of the Cheng brothers and Zhu Xi

yô (sunshine, yang principle, positive, male, heaven, daytime / ateji)
mei (bright, light / ateji)
gaku (study, learning, science)

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❖ neo-Confucianism
❖ Based on the teachings of Wang Yangming and his followers

sei (nature, sex, gender)
aku (wickedness, evil, bad, false, wrong)
setsu (rumor, opinion, theory)

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❖ Doctrine of inherent depravity of human nature

sei (nature, sex, gender)
zen (virtuous, good, goodness)
setsu (rumor, opinion, theory)

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❖ Doctrine of inherent goodness of human nature

shi (four)
sho (write)
go (five)
kyô (vertical (relationship), hierarchy, sutra, pass thru)

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❖ The Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism
❖ The Nine Chinese Classics

shi (four)
sho (write)

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❖ The Four Books
❖ Confucian texts

chû (in, inside, middle, mean, center)
yô (commonplace, ordinary)

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❖ The Doctrine of the Mean
❖ One of the Four Books
❖ Represents moderation, rectitude, objectivity, sincerity, honesty and propriety in all actions

dai (great, large, big)
gaku (study, learning, science)

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dai (great, large, big)
gaku (study, learning, science – outdated kanji)

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❖ The Great Learning
❖ One of the Four Books

mô (chief, beginning / ateji)
shi (child, first sign of Chinese zodiac / ateji)

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❖ The Discourses of Mencius
❖ One of the Four Books

ron (argument, discourse)
go (word, speech, language)

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❖ The Analects of Confucius
❖ Chin: Lunyu (literally: Selected Sayings)
❖ One of the Four Books

shichi (seven)
ken (intelligent, wise, wisdom, cleverness)

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❖ The Seven Wise Men (of the rongo)
❖ (See Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove)

go (five)
kyô (vertical (relationship), hierarchy, sutra, pass thru)

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❖ The Five Classics texts of jukyô

eki (fortune-telling, divination)
kyô (vertical (relationship), hierarchy, sutra, pass thru)

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❖ I Ching (Chin: Yi Jing) or Book of Changes
❖ One of the Five Classics

rai (salute, bow, ceremony, thanks)
ki (scribe, account, narrative)

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❖ The Li Ji or Book of Rites
❖ One of the Five Classics

shi (poem, poetry)
kyô (vertical (relationship), hierarchy, sutra, pass thru)

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❖ The Shijing (Chin: Shih Ching) or Book of Odes (Songs, Poems)
❖ One of the Five Classics

sho (write)
kyô (vertical (relationship), hierarchy, sutra, pass thru)

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❖ The Shujing (Chin: Shu Ching) or the Book of History
❖ One of the Five Classics

shun (springtime, spring)
jû (autumn)

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❖ The Chronicles of Lu or the Spring and Autumn Annals
❖ One of the Five Classics